Please click here to read the full “Bringing the grey zone into focus” article published at The Interpreter, written by Griffith Asia Institute Visiting Fellow, Dr Peter Layton. ![]() Whether in the South China Sea, the East China Sea or on its border with India, China has employed innovative and imaginative grey zone tactics in its quest for a persistent strategic advantage over others. However, in a new research paper for the Air and Space Power Centre, I do just that, focusing on the largest country undertaking grey zone actions: China. The Update’s intent is high-level and deliberately does not discuss grey zones in detail. The document directed Defence to be better prepared to respond to these activities today and into the future. Extensive development and construction in marine and coastal systems is driving a phenomenon known as ocean sprawl. This paper analyzes how recreational services influence coastal ecosystem management by studying the south-west part of the Sundarbans mangroves in Bangladesh. A long, heavy timber or section of concrete or metal that is driven or jetted into the earth or seabed to serve as a support or protection. Abstract Recreation-based ecosystem services can bring possibilities for protection and sustainable use of coastal ecosystems. Worryingly, the Update declared “grey zone activities directly or indirectly targeting Australian interests are occurring now”. Coastal Zone Management Units mandate from the beginning in 1983 has included the coordination and execution of various research and infrastructural projects. It had a particularly strong focus on grey zone activities, seen as increasingly troubling the Indo-Pacific and involving “military and non-military forms of assertiveness and coercion aimed at achieving strategic goals without provoking conflict”. Australia’s 2020 Defence Strategic Update was, by the standards of such publications, a hard-hitting document.
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